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Artificial Intelligence. What Is AI ?

information August 26, 2021

          Artificial Intelligence 





What Is AI ?

                        Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to intelligence demonstrated by machines rather than natural intelligence expressed by humans or animals.

                        Leading AI textbooks define AI as the study of "intelligent agents," or systems   hat understand their surroundings and take actions that increase their chances of attaining their objectives.

                        However, prominent AI researchers reject this definition, which uses the term "artificial intelligence" to denote robots that simulate "cognitive" functions that humans connect with the human mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving."






 Ã˜ Definition Of AI

Ø History of AI

Ø Name of Artificial intelligence project

Ø Artificial Intelligence Examples





Definition Of AI

                                Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision


History of AI

                                 The area of AI study began in 1956 during a workshop at  Dartmouth College, when John McCarthy created the name "Artificial Intelligence" to separate it from cybernetics and avoid the influence of Norbert Wiener, a cyberneticist. [26] Allen Newell (CMU), Herbert Simon (CMU), John McCarthy (MIT), Marvin Minsky (MIT), and Arthur Samuel (IBM) were among the attendees who went on to become the pioneers and leaders of AI research.

                                    They and their students created "astonishing" programmes, such as learning checkers tactics (around 1954) (and reputedly playing better than the average human by 1959), solving algebraic word problems, establishing logical theorems (Logic Theorist, first run c. 1956), and speaking English. By the middle of the 1960s, the Department of Defense had significantly financed research in the United States, and facilities had been constructed all over the world. The pioneers of AI were hopeful about the future: Herbert Simon anticipated that "machines will be capable of completing any task a man can do within twenty years." Marvin Minsky agreed, writing, "within a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved"

                                    They failed to recognize the difficulty of some of the remaining tasks. Progress slowed and in 1974, in response to the criticism of Sir James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from the US Congress to fund more productive projects, both the U.S. and British governments cut off exploratory research in AI. The next few years would later be called         an  "AI winter"

                                        The commercial success of expert systems resurrected AI research in the early 1980s.

                                        The AI market had grown to over a billion dollars by 1985. At the same time, the United States and the United Kingdom were motivated by Japan's fifth generation computer programmer to reinstate financing for university research.

                                    In the late 1990s and early 2000s, AI gradually regained its reputation by discovering particular solutions to specific challenges, such as logistics, data mining, and medical diagnostics. AI solutions were frequently employed behind the scenes by the year 2000.

                             According to Bloomberg's Jack Clark, 2015 marked a watershed moment for artificial intelligence, with more than 2,700 software projects using AI at Google, up from "sporadic usage" in 2012.

                                In a 2017 survey, one in five companies reported they had "incorporated AI in some offerings or processes"



Project Name of Artificial intelligence 

  •  Estimate the cost of a home.
  •  The investigation into the Enron scandal.
  •  Predicting the value of a stock.
  •  Recommendation from a customer.
  •  Conversational interfaces (chatbots)....
  •  For Windows, a voice-based virtual assistant.
  •  Facial Emotion Detection and Recognition
  •  Plagiarism Checker for Online Assignments
  •  CV Analysis Personality Prediction System
  •  Project to Predict Heart Disease
  •  Bot for Banking
  •  Tell the difference between a music genre and an audio file.
  •  Using an obscured scene to recreate an image
  •  Recognize human emotions using images
  •  Write a summary of technical publications.
  •  Clean up the material and look for spam.

 

Examples of Artificial Intelligence 










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