Prithviraj Chauhan History | Prithviraj Chauhan Wife | Prithviraj Chauhan Deth

       Samarat Prithviraj Chauhan    

Prithviraj III, also known as Prithviraj Chauhan or Rai Pithora, was a Rajput prince who reigned over one of the most powerful kingdoms in India. He is the renowned monarch of the Chauhan dynasty, who reigned over the historic Chahamana province of Sapada Baksha. He ruled over parts of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and Punjab today. Despite the fact that he retained Ajmer as his headquarters, he is described in numerous folk stories as the monarch of India's political capital, Delhi.

• Early Life and Qualifications
• Personal Life 
• Birth 
• Family Details
• War
• War with the Ghurids
• Prithviraj's downfall
• Death
• Cultural activities

Early Life and Qualifications

Both Prithviraj Chauhan and his younger brother were raised in Gujarat, where his father Someshvara was raised by maternal cousins. Prithviraj Chauhan received a good education. He had six languages under his belt, according to the document. Prithviraj Raso went on to say that he had acquired 14 languages, which appears to be a stretch. Prithviraj Raso has also claimed to be an expert in a variety of areas, including mathematics, medicine, history, military, defence, painting, religion, and philosophy. According to the literature, Prithviraj Chauhan was also an expert archer. Both texts state that Prithviraj was interested in combat from an early age and was able to swiftly grasp the tough military abilities.

 

Personal Life 

Prithviraj Chauhan was in love with a woman named Sanyukta, who was the daughter of Raja Jaichand, the ruler of Kannauj. Because the king of Kannauj did not want Prithviraj to marry his daughter, he planned a'swayamvara' for her. Except for Prithviraj, he invited all of the princes. He didn't invite him to disrespect Prithviraj, but Sanyukta turned down all other princes and escaped to Delhi with Prithviraj, where they subsequently married.

 

Birth 

Prithviraj Chauhan was born on the twelfth day of Jyeshtha, the Hindu calendar's second month, which corresponds to May-June in the Gregorian calendar, according to a renowned eulogistic Sanskrit song. Someshvara, the king of Chahamana, was Prithviraj Chauhan's father, and queen Karpuradevi, a Kalachuri princess, was his mother. The Sanskrit epic poem 'Prithviraj Vijaya' is about the life of Prithviraj Chauhan and does not provide the precise year of his birth, but it does mention specific celestial configurations at the time of his birth. Dasharatha Sharma, an Indian indologist, used the description of the given planetary position to determine the year of Prithviraj Chauhan's birth, which is considered to be 1166 CE.

 

Family Details

• Prithviraj Chauhan Full Name: Prithviraja III
• Prithviraj Chauhan was also known as: Rai Pithora
• Father's Name: Someshvara
• Mother’s Name : Karpuradevi
• Spouse : Samyukta
• Son : Jhoda, Shaikha, Bhirda, Govindraja IV, Taikha, Laikha

 

War:

War against Chandelas

The 1182-83 CE (1239 VS) Madanpur engravings from Prithviraj's rule guarantee that he "laid to squander" Jejakabhukti (present-day Bundelkhand), which was managed by the Chandela lord Paramardi. Prithviraj's attack of the Chandela region is likewise portrayed in the later people legends, like Prithviraj Raso, Paramal Raso, and Alha-Raso. Different texts, for example, Sarangadhara Paddhati and Prabandha Chintamani likewise notice Prithviraj's assault on Paramardi. The Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali specifies that Prithviraj had set out upon a digvijaya (triumph of the relative multitude of districts). This has all the earmarks of being a reference to the beginning of Prithviraj's walk to Jejakabhukti.

 

The incredible record of Prithviraj's mission against the Chandelas goes this way: Prithviraj was getting back to Delhi in the wake of wedding the little girl of Padamsen, when his contingent was gone after by the "Turkic" powers (Ghurids). His military rebuffed the assaults yet experienced serious setbacks all the while. In the midst of this confusion, the Chahamana warriors became lost and unwittingly stayed in the Chandela capital Mahoba. They killed the Chandela imperial grounds-keeper for having a problem with their presence, which prompted a conflict between the different sides. The Chandela ruler Paramardi requested that his overall Udal assault Prithviraj's camp, however Udal prompted against this move. Paramardi's brother by marriage Mahil Parihar managed cutting edge Orai; he held onto hostility against Paramardi and impelled the lord to proceed with the assault. Prithviraj crushed Udal's contingent and afterward left for Delhi. Consequently, discontent with Mahil's plotting, Udal and his sibling Alha left the Chandela court. They began serving Jaichand, the Gahadavala leader of Kannauj. Mahil then furtively informed Prithviraj that Chandela realm had become powerless without any its most grounded officers. Prithviraj attacked the Chandela realm and blockaded Sirsagarh, which was held by Udal's cousin Malkhan. In the wake of neglecting to prevail upon Malkhan through tranquil techniques and losing eight commanders, Prithviraj caught the post. The Chandelas then pursued for a ceasefire, and utilized this opportunity to review Alha and Udal from Kannauj. On the side of the Chandelas, Jaichand dispatched a military drove by his best commanders, including two of his own children. The consolidated Chandela-Gahadavala armed force went after Prithviraj's camp, however was crushed. After his triumph, Prithviraj terminated Mahoba. He then, at that point, dispatched his overall Chavand Rai to Kalinjar Fort to catch Paramardi. As indicated by the different legends, Paramardi either kicked the bucket or resigned soon after the assault. Prithviraj got back to Delhi subsequent to naming Pajjun Rai as the legislative leader of Mahoba. Afterward, Paramardi's child recovered Mahoba.

 

The specific trustworthiness of this incredible story is disputable. The Madanpur engravings lay out that Prithviraj terminated Mahoba, yet verifiable proof recommends that his control of Chandela domain is either a manufacture by the troubadours, or didn't keep going long. It is realized that Paramardi didn't bite the dust or resign following the Chauhan triumph; as a matter of fact, he kept administering as a sovereign almost 10 years after Prithviraj's passing. Cynthia Talbot states that Prithviraj just attacked Jejakabhukti, and Paramardi recovered control of his realm not long after his takeoff from Mahoba. Talbot proceeds with that Prithviraj couldn't add-on the Chandela domain to his kingdom.[5] Conversely, as indicated by R.B. Singh, it is plausible that some piece of Chandela region was attached by Chahmanas but for a brief time frame.

Wars in Gujarat

A peace contract between Prithviraj and Bhima II, the Chaulukya (Solanki) ruler of Gujarat, is mentioned in the Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali. This suggests that the two kings were at odds earlier. This conflict may be traced back to before 1187 CE (1244 VS). Bhima's prime minister Jagaddeva Pratihara was described as "the moon to the lotus-like queens of Prithviraja" in the Veraval inscription (a reference to the belief that the moon-rise causes a day-blooming lotus to close its petals). Because Bhima was a minor at the time, Jagaddeva appears to have commanded the Chaulukya expedition.

Jagaddeva Pratihara and Prithviraj signed a peace pact sometime before 1187 CE. According to Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali, a chief called Abhayada once requested permission from Jagaddeva to assault and plunder affluent guests from Sapadalaksha kingdom (the Chahamana territory). In return, Jagaddeva informed Abhayada that he had laboriously negotiated a pact with Prithviraj. If Abhayada continued to annoy the inhabitants of Sapadalaksha, Jaggadeva threatened to sew him into the belly of a donkey. According to historian Dasharatha Sharma, the Chahamana-Chaulukya dispute ended in Prithviraj's favour because Jagaddeva appears to have been highly concerned about the treaty's preservation. According to historians R.C. Majumdar and Satish Chandra, his long-running battle with Gujarat ended in defeat, and he was defeated by Bhima. As a result, Prithviraj signed a pact.

Gahadavala conflict

The Gahadavala realm, revolved around Kannauj and headed by one more remarkable ruler Jayachandra, was situated toward the east of the Chahamana realm. As per a legend referenced in Prithviraj Raso, Prithviraj ran off with Jayachandra's girl Samyogita, prompting a competition between the two lords.

 

The legend goes this way: King Jaichand (Jayachandra) of Kannauj chose to lead a Rajasuya service to declare his matchless quality. Prithviraj wouldn't partake in this service, and accordingly, would not recognize Jaichand as the preeminent lord. Jaichand's little girl Samyogita went gaga for Prithviraj subsequent to catching wind of his chivalrous endeavors, and proclaimed that she would wed just him. Jaichand organized a swayamvara (spouse choice) service for his girl, however didn't welcome Prithviraj. By the by, Prithviraj walked to Kannauj with 100 champions and ran off with Samyogita. 66% of his champions forfeited their life in battle against the Gahadavala armed force, permitting him to get away to Delhi with Samyogita. In Delhi, Prithviraj became beguiled by his new spouse, and began investing the majority of his energy with her. He began disregarding the state issues, which eventually prompted his loss against Muhammad of Ghor.

 

This legend is likewise referenced in Abu'l-Fazl's Ain-I-Akbari and Chandrashekhara's Surjana-Charita (which names the Gahadavala princess as "Kantimati"). Prithviraja Vijaya makes reference to that Prithviraj became hopelessly enamored with the manifestation of an apsara Tilottama, despite the fact that he had never seen this lady and was at that point wedded to different ladies. As indicated by student of history Dasharatha Sharma, this is most likely a reference to Samyogita. Nonetheless, this legend isn't referenced in other verifiable sources like Prithviraja-Prabandha, Prabandha-Chintamani, Prabandha-Kosha and Hammira-Mahakavya. The Gahadavala records are additionally quiet about this occasion, including the alleged Rajasuya execution by Jayachandra.

 

As indicated by Dasharatha Sharma and R. B. Singh, there may be some verifiable truth in this legend, as it is referenced in three distinct sources. Each of the three sources place the occasion at some point before Prithviraj's last a conflict with Muhammad of Ghor in 1192 CE.

 

Other rulers

According to the Prithviraj Raso, Prithviraj vanquished Mandovara's Nahar Rai and Mughal lord Mudgala Rai, however these events appear to be pure fiction. There are no historical documents that point to the existence of these individuals.

Prithviraj is credited with the construction of the now-destroyed Qila Rai Pithora fort in Delhi. According to Prithviraj Raso, Anangpal Tomar, the emperor of Delhi, handed the city to his son-in-law Prithviraj and was defeated when he tried to reclaim it. This is factually incorrect, as Prithviraj's uncle Vigraharaja IV conquered the Chahamana region. Furthermore, historical evidence reveals that Anangpal Tomar died before Prithviraj was born. The story regarding his daughter's marriage to Prithviraj appears to have been made up subsequently.

War with the Ghurids

The middle age Muslim essayists notice only a couple of fights between the two rulers. The Tabaqat-I Nasiri and Tarikh-I-Firishta notice the two Battles of Tarain. Jami-ul-Hikaya and Taj-ul-Maasir notice just the second skirmish of Tarain, in which Prithviraj was crushed. Notwithstanding, the Hindu and Jain journalists express that Prithviraj crushed Muhammad on various occasions prior to being killed:

 

• ·        The Hammira Mahakavya claims that in the wake of overcoming Muhammad interestingly, Prithviraj constrained him to apologize to the sovereigns whose domains he had stripped, prior to letting him go. Muhammad attacked the Chahamana realm seven additional times, however was crushed each time. In any case, his 10th attack succeeded.
• ·        The Prithviraja Prabandha states that the two lords took on 8 conflicts; Prithviraj crushed and caught the Ghurid ruler in the initial seven of these, yet delivered him safe each time.
• ·        The Prabandha Kosha claims that Prithviraj caught Muhammad multiple times, however was himself detained during the 21st fight. The Surjana Charita and Prithviraj Raso likewise identify 21 fights.
• ·        The Prabandha Chintamani gives the quantity of fights among Muhammad and Prithviraj as 22. It likewise expresses that Prithviraj's military crushed the first foe lord in a past fight, in which a subordinate of Prithviraj courageously forfeited himself.

While these records appear to misrepresent the number, it is conceivable that multiple commitment occurred between the Ghurids and the Chahamanas during Prithviraj's rule. The early triumphs referenced by the Hindu and Jain essayists most likely allude to Prithviraj's effective repugnance of assaults by Ghurid commanders.

First battle of Tarain

During 1190-1191 CE, Muhammad of Ghor attacked the Chahamana domain, and caught Tabarhindah or Tabar-e-Hind (related to Bathinda). He set it under the charge of Zia-ud-noise, the Qazi of Tulak, upheld by 1200 horsemen. At the point when Prithviraj found out about this, walked towards Tabarhindah with his feudatories, including Govindaraja of Delhi. As indicated by the sixteenth century Muslim antiquarian Firishta, his power contained 200,000 ponies and 3,000 elephants.

 

Muhammad's unique arrangement was to get back to his base in the wake of overcoming Tabarhindah, however when he caught wind of Prithviraj's walk, he chose to set up a battle. He set out with a military, and experienced Prithviraj's powers at Tarain. In the resulting fight, Prithviraj's military definitively crushed the Ghurids. Muhammad of Ghor was harmed and compelled to withdraw.

 

Prithviraj didn't seek after the withdrawing Ghurid armed force, not having any desire to attack an antagonistic area or misconstrue Ghori's desire. He just blockaded the Ghurid post at Tabarhindah, which gave up following 13 months of attack.

Second battle of Tarain

Prithviraj appears to have treated the primary skirmish of Tarain as only a boondocks battle. This view is reinforced by the way that he made little arrangements for any future conflict with Muhammad of Ghor. As per Prithviraj Raso, during the period going before his last a conflict with the Ghurids, he ignored the undertakings of the state and invested energy in cheerful making.

 

In the interim, Muhammad of Ghor got back to Ghazna, and made arrangements to retaliate for his loss. As per Tabaqat-I Nasiri, he assembled an exceptional multitude of 120,000 select Afghan, Tajik and Turkic horsemen throughout the following couple of months. He then, at that point, walked towards the Chahamana realm by means of Multan and Lahore, supported by Vijayaraja of Jammu.

 

Prithviraj had been left with no partners because of his fights the adjoining Hindu lords. By and by, he figured out how to accumulate a huge armed force to counter the Ghurids. Prithviraj effectively marshaled a sizeable armed force made out of north of 100 Rajput rulers, mostly War elephants, cavalrymen and infantry men. The sixteenth century Muslim history specialist Firishta assessed the strength of Prithviraj's military as 300,000 ponies and 3,000 elephants, notwithstanding a huge infantry. This is undoubtedly a ridiculous embellishment, pointed toward underlining the size of the Ghurid triumph. Prithviraj composed a letter to Muhammad of Ghor, promising him no mischief in the event that he chose to get back to his own country. Muhammad demanded that he wanted chance to give his Ghazna-based sibling Ghiyath al-Din. As indicated by Firishta, he consented to a ceasefire until he got a response from his sibling. Be that as it may, he arranged an assault against the Chahamanas.

 

As per Jawami ul-Hikayat, Muhammad doled out a couple of men to keep the flames in his camp consuming around evening time, while he walked off in one more course with the remainder of his military. This gave the Chahamanas a feeling that the Ghurid armed force was as yet stayed, noticing the ceasefire. Subsequent to arriving at a few miles away, Muhammad shaped four divisions, with 10,000 bowmen each. He kept the remainder of his military available for later. He requested the four divisions to send off an assault on the Chahamana camp, and afterward imagine a retreat.

 

At day break, the four divisions of the Ghurid armed force went after the Chahamana camp, while Prithviraj was still snoozing. After a concise battle, the Ghurid divisions claimed to withdraw as per Muhammad's procedure. Prithviraj was hence baited into pursuing them, and by the evening, the Chahamana armed force was depleted because of this pursuit. Right now, Muhammad drove his save force and went after the Chahamanas, conclusively crushing them. As per Taj-ul-Maasir, Prithviraj's camp lost 100,000 men (counting Govindaraja of Delhi) in this failure. Prithviraj himself attempted to get away from on a pony, however was sought after and gotten close to the Sarasvati post (conceivably current Sirsa). Thusly, Muhammad of Ghor caught Ajmer in the wake of killing a few thousand protectors, subjugated some more, and obliterated the city's sanctuaries.

Prithviraj's downfall

Prabandha Chintamani by the fourteenth century Jain researcher Merutunga states that Prithviraj cut off the ears of one of his pastors, who directed the Ghurid trespassers to his camp as vengeance. Prithviraj was in profound rest following a day of strict fasting, and in this way, was handily caught.

 

Hammira Mahakavya by the fifteenth century Jain researcher Nayachandra Suri states that after his underlying loss, the Ghurid lord raised a new armed force fully backed up by an adjoining ruler, and walked to Delhi. Before the fight, he paid off Prithviraj's lord of ponies and performers with gold coins. The expert of ponies had prepared Prithviraj's pony to skip to drumbeats. The Ghurids went after the Chahamana camp not long before first light, when Prithviraj was resting. Prithviraj attempted to get away from on his pony, yet his performers sounded the drums. The pony began dancing, and the intruders effectively caught Prithviraj.

 

As per another Jain text, Prithviraja Prabandha, Prithviraj's clergyman Kaimbasa and his lance conveyor Pratapasimha were not embracing a positive outlook. Kaimbasa once griped to lord against Pratapasimha, who persuaded the ruler that Kaimbasa was helping the Ghurids. A furious Prithviraj endeavored to kill Kaimbasa with a bolt one evening, however wound up killing another man. At the point when his poet Chand Baliddika counseled him, the ruler excused both the minstrel and the priest. At the hour of Ghurid intrusion of Delhi, Prithviraj had been resting for ten days. At the point when the Ghurids came close, his sister awakened him: Prithviraj attempted to escape on a pony, however Kaimbasa assisted the Ghurids with catching him by enlightening them regarding a specific sound that made his pony skip.

Death

This is essential to take note of that it isn't clear when really he passed on and how. Numerous middle age sources propose that Prithviraj was taken to Ajmer by Muhammad of Ghor where he was kept as a Ghurid vassal. After here and there Prithviraj Chauhan opposed Muhammad of Ghor and was subsequently killed for injustice. This hypothesis is upheld by the 'horse-and-bullman'- style coins which have the name of Prithviraj on one side and the "Muhammad receptacle Sam" name on another. The specific justification behind the demise of Prithviraj Chauhan shifts starting with one source then onto the next.

 

 A Muslim history specialist, Hasan Nizami states that Prithviraj Chauhan was found plotting against Muhammad of Ghor which permitted the lord to decapitate him. The history specialist has not portrayed the specific idea of the scheme.

 

As per Prithviraja-Prabandha, Prithviraj Chauhan has kept the structure which was near the court and was near the room of Muhammad of Ghor. Prithviraj Chauhan was intending to kill Muhammad and had requested that his clergyman Pratapasimha give him a bow and bolts. Serve satisfied his desire and gave the weapons to him yet in addition informed Muhammad about the mystery plan which Prithviraj had been plotting to kill him. Prithviraj Chauhan was afterward kidnapped and was tossed into a pit where he was battered to the point of death.

 

As per Hammira Mahakavya, Prithviraj Chauhan after his loss had would not eat which at last prompted his demise. Different sources express that Prithviraj Chauhan was killed following his demise. As per Prithviraj Raso, Prithviraj was taken to Ghazna and was dazed and later on killed in the jail. As indicated by 'Viruddha-Vidhi Vidhvansa,' Prithviraj Chauhan was killed following the fight.

 

Cultural activities

Prithviraj had a dedicated ministry for pandits (scholars) and poets, which was under the charge of Padmanabha. His court had a number of poets and scholars, including:

• ·         Jayanaka,
• ·         Vidyapati Gauda
• ·         Vagisvara Janardana
• ·         Vishvarupa, a poet
• ·         Prithvibhata, a royal bard 

Conclusion 

R. B. Singh and historians state that at its peak Prithviraj Chauhan’s empire extended from the foothills of Himalayan in the North till Mount Abu in the South. His empire extended from the Betwa River to the Sutlej river when we consider East to West. If we include the present day, the empire of Prithviraj Chauhan had Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Punjab. Prithviraj Chauhan is largely portrayed as the greatest Hindu king as he was successful in keeping the Mulsim invaders at the bay for many years. Prithviraj Chauhan was the symbol of Indian power before the beginning of the Islamic rulers in medieval India.